Rosh Internal Medicine Boost Practice Exam

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What is a significant risk factor for developing renal cell carcinoma?

Alcohol intake
Female sex
Low body mass index
Smoking

The correct answer is: Smoking

Smoking is a significant risk factor for developing renal cell carcinoma, as numerous studies have established a clear association between smoking and an increased risk of this type of kidney cancer. The carcinogenic compounds in tobacco smoke can lead to genetic mutations and have a detrimental effect on cellular processes within the kidney, promoting tumorigenesis. While alcohol intake might have some links to certain types of cancer, its direct relationship with renal cell carcinoma is not as robust or well-established as that of smoking. Female sex is generally associated with a lower incidence of renal cell carcinoma compared to males, and a low body mass index (BMI) is typically considered to be protective against many forms of cancer, including renal cell carcinoma, rather than a risk factor. Hence, the strong connection between smoking and renal cell carcinoma highlights its role as a significant risk factor for this disease.